What is the primary purpose of pulmonary function tests (PFTs)?

The primary purpose of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. PFTs measure various aspects of lung function, including the amount of air the lungs can hold (lung volumes), the rate of airflow during inhalation and exhalation, and the lung's ability to transfer gases.

By analyzing the results of these tests, healthcare providers can identify whether a patient's breathing difficulties are due to obstructive conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or restrictive conditions, such as pulmonary fibrosis or neuromuscular disorders. This differentiation is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment and management strategies for the patient.

Other options reflect purposes that are not the main focus of PFTs. For instance, confirming chronic infections typically requires different diagnostic evaluations, such as imaging or microbiological testing. While some aspects of medication management may involve understanding lung function, PFTs are not typically used to prescribe medications directly. Additionally, assessing heart function during exercise is a function typically associated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing rather than standard pulmonary function tests.